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South Asia Economic Journal
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Articles

Inequality in the Literacy Levels in Pakistan

Existence and Changes Overtime

Fazal Husain

Muhammad Ali Qasim

The authors are at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: fazal_husain{at}hotmail.com

This paper attempts to identify the areas that are still lagging behind other parts of the country in terms of literacy levels and are unable to play their role in the development of human capital of the country. The analyses indicate that more than 75 per cent of the districts in the country are under-represented in terms of literacy levels. This includes a large portion of Balochistan province. A large proportion of the literate population is concentrated in the national and provincial capitals. In general, Sindh lags behind in case of rural areas and NWFP in case of females. The analyses also indicate that the areas that are backward in terms of economic development are also those with low levels of literacy. Balochistan is the province that needs the greatest attention. An encouraging sign is the general decline in disparities in literacy levels over time. Moreover, the least literate areas have shown a significant improvement over time. However, a lot of work needs to be put into these areas for them to come at par with other parts of the country.

Key Words: Pakistan • Literacy Levels • Inequality • Representation • Growth • Ranking • Census

South Asia Economic Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, 251-264 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/139156140500600206
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